Railway infrastructure
Transport infrastructure powered or controlled by electricity, especially rolling stock, is a segment that experiences overvoltage and other undesirable phenomena more often than anywhere else. To make the operation of trains, trams, trolleybuses and other traction vehicles and their equipment even more reliable, these systems need to be protected, and not only with surge protection devices.
Our solutions
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OUTDOOR SWITCHBOARD OF THE ELECTRICAL CONTROL HOUSEThe outdoor switchboard is used to connect the internal wiring of the electrical control house. The incoming power supply system to this switchboard is usually a three-phase isolated 3x 6 000 V IT, which runs along the train corridor from the rectifier substation. In such switchboard, the incoming IT system is then transformed to 230 V and earthed to form a TN-S system. A single-phase system is used as an industry standard. The switchboard is also prepared for the connection of an alternative power supply, usually in the form of a diesel generator feeders and also contains inputs and outputs for remote monitoring.
In this switchboard it is advisable to install a lightning and surge arrester type T1+T2+T3 on the TN system side, e.g. HLSA25-275/2+0 S with a remote status indication marked with the letter S. The potential-free contact of this signalling is then connected to the control system (typically as an input of a control PLC), where it continuously informs the supervisory workplace about the status of the surge protection device without the need for a physical inspection of the switchboard.
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POWER DISTRIBUTION BOARD OF THE ELECTRICAL CONTROL HOUSEThe power distribution board of the electrical control house primarily provides power for its own consumption, which includes lighting, service outlets or heating, but it also supplies the sockets of the backup batteries and is also a source for other potential distribution boards. The switchboard itself is connected from the outdoor switchboard via a 230 V / 50 Hz TN-S power supply. Due to the close location of the two switchboards, it is sufficient to install a surge arrester type T2, e.g. HSA-275/2+0 S with remote status indication marked with the letter S. If the cable distance between the outdoor switchboard and the power distribution board inside the house is less than 10 m, a decoupling inductor with the appropriate rated current, e.g. HI32 with a rated current of 32 A, must be installed between T1 and T2 SPD. This is the only way to maintain coordination and proper operation of the surge protection devices.
To protect the battery backup chargers, that may contain intelligent control sensitive to high-frequency interference, it is advisable to add T3 SPD with EMI/RFI filter, e.g. HSAF16 S with a rated current of 16 A for 230 V AC. Alternatively, another type with a higher rated current up to 160 A can be used. Due to the location in one switchboard, the installation of a decoupling inductor is necessary in this case.
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BATTERY PROTECTIONBattery operating voltage levels vary. The most common is 12 V DC or 24 V DC, but 110 V DC is no exception. For all these and other levels, we offer a comprehensive range of surge arresters type T3 either with EMI/RFI filter – HSAF series, or without the filter – HSAD series.
For 24 V DC, HSAD16/24VDC S product with remote status indication marked with the letter S and a rated current of 16 A is a suitable choice.Nahrávám ...
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LOW-CURRENT SWITCHBOARD OF THE ELECTRICAL CONTROL HOUSEIt is advisable to protect the switchboard of a low-current system, which is powered from a high-current switchboard with SPD type T3, in the way that the SPD is as close as possible to the switchboard, ideally directly inside of it. Due to problematic operation, we recommend SPD type T3 with a high frequency (EMI/RFI) filter. In a normal low-power operation, HSAF16 with a rated current of 16 A for 230 V AC is sufficient, or another type with a higher rated current up to 160 A can be used. There are again options to use versions with potential-free contact of remote signalling marked as S. However, pay attention to the coordination of SPDs, i.e. to the minimum distance between individual types, which may not be kept in cases of a small building. In such case, it is necessary to include decoupling inductors of the HI series with the appropriate rated current, e.g. HI16, between SPD type T2+T3 in the high-current switchboard and type T3 in the low-current switchboard. This will ensure the correct operation of the entire SPD cascade. The recommended installation location is directly in the switchboard prior to HSAF16.
In the low-current switchboard, it is also necessary to protect the inputs of the control PLC, which evaluates data from various sensors for controlling the air conditioning and heating unit or for the Electronic Security System (ESS) of the building or Fire Safety Solution (FSS) detectors. But also PLC outputs, over which the data is usually sent to the monitoring workplace, for example, via a GSM antenna or Ethernet. In these cases, for the correct design of surge protection devices, it is necessary to appropriately determine the rated voltage of the SPD, the rated current, the type of data communication, its operating frequency, and the interface. Commonly used in these applications are data protectors for 6 or 24 V DC, which have a rated current of 500 mA, an operating frequency of 1 MHz, and the data conductors are connected to screw terminals. SPD types HDT2/6B or HDT2/24B, that have the option of connecting two data pairs, meet these parameters.
The dedicated HDSP series is designed for such typical applications with the possibility of variable connection according to the specific solution. You can choose versions for various communication buses such as RS-485, RS-422, CAN, CIB, but also for analog systems such as sensors, current loops, etc. The HDSP series uses appropriately selected breakdown voltage and low-capacitance protection diodes to achieve full communication speed and maximum protection of data communication devices.Nahrávám ...
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EQUIPMENT IN THE RAILROAD TRACKThere are end devices along the railway lines that may be exposed to lightning current effects or transients and switching phenomena. These may negatively affect the operational function of the equipment or even cause its destruction. The consequences can be tragic. Therefore, it is important to protect end devices such as switch turnouts and their heating, signalling lamps, line safety equipment so called autoblocks and others with surge protection devices. In tramway or other public transport systems, this may include switches, track lubricators, power supply for camera systems, ticket vending machines or tram stop lighting.
The main power supply system along the line is usually provided as 3x 6 000 V IT, which is then transformed to lower voltage or further rectified to DC voltage. This modified voltage is an isolated system (IT) with different voltage levels. The end devices can be supplied from a 3x 400 V IT distribution system, for which SPD type T1+T2 HLSA12,5-440/3+1 S IT is suitable. If the equipment is situated within the protective angle (e.g. the protective angle of the Electrical Control House) and there is no risk of a direct lightning strike, it is possible to install an SPD type T2, e.g. HSA-440/3+1 S IT with remote status indication – marked with the letter S. Another option is the power supply from the single-phase 230 V IT mains, where HLSA12,5-275/2+1 S IT is installed, or only the T2 type HSA-275/2+1 S IT. End devices equipped with electronics sensitive to high-frequency interference, in the range of hundreds of kHz to tens of MHz, can also be equipped with a surge arrester type T3 with EMI/RFI filter. This is a serial protection so it is dimensioned for the rated current of the protected equipment or for its back-up fuse. A suitable type of protection is HSAF16 S IT for 230 V IT with a rated load current of 16 A, including remote signalling.
For devices supplied with a TN-S system, e.g. single-phase AC voltage of 230 V, we can install SPD type T1+T2, such as HLSA25-275/2+0 S with remote status signalling – marked with the letter S. If SPD type T2+T3 is sufficient, we can choose e.g. HSA-275/2+0 M S with exchangeable modules – products marked with the letter M and remote status signalling – marked with the letter S. In case of a different voltage level, e.g. 75 V, products from the same product range can be selected. For example HSA-75/2+0 M S is the right SPD type T2+T3 for that voltage. If surge arrester type T3 is needed, we can choose e.g. the parallel protection for 230 V AC, model HSAD-P M S, which is also available with exchangeable modules in addition to remote signalling. Alternatively, a surge arrester type T3 with EMI/RFI filter of the HSAF series can be installed.
DC voltage distribution is no exception in railway systems. For these installations we offer surge arresters type T3 with EMI/RFI filter of the HSAF*VDC series. The most common representative of this series is HSAF16/24VDC S for 24 V DC with a rated load current of 16 A, containing a remote status signalling marked with the letter S. If the equipment is not sensitive to EMI/RFI interference a common surge arrester type T3 can be installed, e.g. HSAD16/24VDC S. Both of these series offer voltage levels up to 220 V DC.Nahrávám ...
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PROTECTION OF NON-ENERGIZED PARTSFor the protection of non-energized parts of metallic structures in AC or DC traction systems, isolating gas discharge tubes are used to balance the potentials between non-energized parts that are not conductively connected for the sake of operating conditions. This provides effective protection for persons who may come into contact with these parts in the event of lightning strikes or faults in the catenary. They are installed directly on the protected metal building structure using two M12 screws so that in the event of a gas discharge tube activation, a conductive connection is made between the structure and the railroad track. Once there is a voltage increase, whether due to lightning current or e.g. a fallen overhead lines on the protected structure, the isolating gas discharge tube short-circuits the unwanted current to the track. By connecting the structure to the track, the reaction of the quick-disconnect switch is enabled which interrupts the power supply to overhead lines. The main representative of this product line is HGS 100 RW, which is has an ignition voltage between 300 and 500 V, or HGS 100 RW 250V with an ignition voltage between 200 and 300 V.
For tramway systems, low-voltage limiting devices (VLDs) are used, whose nominal triggering DC voltage is typically around 120 V DC. In principle, they provide the same protection as the HGS series, but use different protection elements. They are also installed directly onto the protected metal building structure using two M12 screws. When the voltage rises, the VLD is activated. First by fast-acting varistors and then by high-performance thyristors, which are able to discharge this current until the line’s fast switches react. HL120 is one of the representatives of such products, that can discharge current up to 105 A for 60 minutes.
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ANTENNA SYSTEMSThe communication between the monitoring workplace and the Electrical Control House can be achieved via a GSM antenna. To select the right surge protection device, it is important to know the type of connector, the power of the protected system, its frequency range and, of course, the permissible value of the insertion loss.
A typical representative of surge protectors for coaxial lines is KO - 3GN with N connector and frequency band up to 3 GHz, which can also be installed outdoors, or KO - 9P with F connector and frequency band up to 2 GHz. For Wi-Fi connection, we recommend HT-NET PoE+ 6cat 802.3at.Nahrávám ...
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