Family houses

External lightning protection (air termination system) is nowadays a common protection against atmospheric phenomena. However, in order to protect the building completely, it is also important to install the internal lightning protection. This includes surge protection devices (SPD), which are manufactured, among other products, by the Czech company HAKEL. Protection against the effects of lightning current is provided by lightning current arresters type T1. Atmospheric events are the most devastating, but they are less common. In contrast, switching effects in the power supply system are very common and pose a significant risk of damage to appliances, especially sensitive electronics. Against these phenomena are intended surge arresters type T2 and T3.

ELECTRICITY METER SWITCHBOARD

The beginning of the electrical installation is the place, where the power lines enter the building. This place is usually an electricity meter switchboard. Surge protection devices (SPD) suitable for installation in the unmeasured part of electrical wiring in the electricity meter switchboard must meet the condition of zero leakage current. Applicable here is the HLA series type T1. Owing to the high discharge ability, you do not have to think about the type of the power supply type (overhead line / ground) or the LPL level. The SPD installation in the unmeasured part must always be approved by the operator of the power supply distribution system.

The great advantage of the installation of surge arresters in the unmeasured part is that there is no lightning pulse spreading through the overhead line to the electrical distribution of the building, which increases the protection of the electrical installation.
Most of family houses applications in the Czech Republic have the electricity meter switchboard with an electrical distribution of 3 x 230 V / 50 Hz, TN-C configuration. Our solution for this application is HLA50-255/3+0. These devices are powerful spark gaps tailored to this application - without the need to assemble from separate modules. If there is a TN-S electrical distribution type at the entrance to the building, the HLA50-255/4+0 configuration can be used.

If remote monitoring of the surge protection device status is required, variants marked with S can be used, i.e. for example HLA50-255 / 3 + 0 S. The potential-free contact of this signalization is then connected to the building‘s control system (typically as the input of the control PLC), where it permanently informs the administrator about the surge protection status, without the need for physical inspection in a sealed electricity meter switchboard.

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MAIN HOUSE SWITCHBOARD

We recommend using a fast-reacting, varistor, combined SPD type T1 + T2 + T3 in the main house switchboard. The discharge ability of a suitable SPD is derived from the results of the risk calculation and the assignment of the object to a certain LPL level. The advantage of using a combined SPD is the complete protection of installations and equipment of category II (appliances) up to a distance of 20 m and category I (low-current appliances and sensitive electronics) up to a distance of 10 m.

Common family house belongs to the level LPL III-IV, which prescribes the use of an arrester with a total discharge ability of 50 kA. Even in this switchboard, at the beginning, before the PEN conductor is divided into PE and N conductors, we will encounter the TN-C power supply system configuration. HLSA12,5-275/3 + 0 M meets these conditions. It brings the advantage of the exchangeable module design - products marked with the letter M. If the entire electrical distribution system of the building is of the TN-S type, the HLSA12,5-275/4+0 M configuration can be used. The whole range is also available in an unchangeable, solid design.

If remote monitoring of the surge protection device status is required, variants marked with S can be used, i.e. for example HLSA12,5-275 /3+0 M S. The potential-free contact of this signalization is then connected to the building control system (typically as the input of the control PLC), where it permanently informs the administrator about the surge protection status, without the need for physical inspection of the switchboard.

In special cases, when there is no air termination system installed on the building, and at the same time the distribution power supply is led in the ground, the standards allow the installation of SPD type T2, which protects only against the surge caused by switching effects and induction caused by the nearest lightning impulses. SPD type T2 can be installed even if SPD type T1 is installed in the electricity meter switchboard, if this switchboard is located directly on the building.

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SUBSIDIARY HOUSE SWITCHBOARD

If there is a subsidiary switchboard placed in the building, which is located at a greater distance than the effective protection distance of the prior SPD, it is necessary to install the SPD type T2 + T3. A suitable device would be the HSA-275/3 + 1 M in the version with exchangeable modules - products marked with the letter M. Meets the requirement of the standard for the configuration of the CT2 type connection. Thanks to the use of a gas discharge tube, the product has zero leakage current, which will not affect the function of the circuit breaker. The whole range is also available in a solid, unchangeable design.

If a subsidiary switchboard is installed closer, then we select an SPD according to the need of given equipment powered from such switchboard. However, be careful to observe the coordination of surge protection devices, i.e. the distance between the particular types. If the distance is not observed, it is necessary to insert decoupling inductors HI series with appropriate rated current, e.g. HI32 with rated current of 32 A, between the SPD type T1 + T2 + T3 in the main switchboard and type T2 + T3 in the subsidiary switchboard. This will ensure proper SPD function. The recommended installation is directly in the subsidiary switchboard prior to the next type.

If remote monitoring of the surge protection device status is required, variants marked with S can be used, i.e. for example HSA-275/3+1 M S.

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END HIGH-CURRENT DEVICES

Under the term end devices we can imagine any appliance, from a lamp to an ordinary jug kettle, to sensitive electronic devices such as TV, or modern fridge. Common appliances belong to category II, which are sufficiently protected by type T2 from the subsidiary switchboard, if the condition of effective SPD protection distances is met. But there are more and more devices that contain sensitive electronic circuits. These appliances belong to category I, for which there is a requirement for even more sensitive protection. These must be protected by SPD type T3 by installing them as close as possible to the protected equipment, because their effective protection distance is lower, compared to other types.

The most common protection in this category is the HSAA-1P surge protection module, which is installed in the installation box directly under the socket, in baseboards, sidebars and floor boxes. Such equipped socket protects the device and the surrounding sockets connected to the same circuit within a distance of 5 m of cable line (including the power cord). This surge protection device is equipped with a piezo siren to signal its failure. The protection of end devices connected from the socket distribution can also be solved by purchasing a socket with integrated surge protection device type T3 according to the customer's specification. For the protection of LED lights, the ideal solution is a special design called HSAA-2 NPE LED S, which is adapted to LED light sources with sensitive electronics. However, even with all these protections, it is important to observe the SPD coordination described in paragraph C.

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SUBSIDIARY TECHNOLOGICAL SWITCHBOARD

This switchboard, if installed in the building, can supply technological equipment ensuring the operation of the family house. In many cases, it may also be the device itself. It is a device such as boiler, air conditioning unit, electric gate motor, intelligent building system etc. All of these devices contain electronics, sensitive to high-frequency interference in the range of hundreds of kHz to tens of MHz, not higher harmonics of the mains (50 Hz) supply. Especially for these circuits it is advisable to install T3 surge protection device with an EMI / RFI filter on their power supply.

It is a series protection, dimensioned for the rated current of the protected device, i.e. to its back-up fuse. The most common representative of this protection is the HSAF10 for a voltage of 230 V AC with a rated load current of 10 A. The HSAF * filter range then contains many other variants, including a remote monitoring version marked with the letter S, i.e. for example HSAF10S. They are installed as close as possible to the protected equipment and their efficiency is the highest up to a distance of 5 m.

If the appliance is not sensitive to EMI / RFI interference, a standard surge arrester type T3 can be installed, e.g. HSAD16 or parallel protection HSAD-P M S, which in addition to remote monitoring is also available with exchangeable modules.

Some technologies require data and information transmissions containing very expensive and sensitive components. For more information on the protection of these components and data lines, see section H: Low-current end devices.

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PV POWER PLANT SWITCHBOARD

Find out more in the solution: Photovaltaic systems in family houses.

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LOW-CURRENT SWITCHBOARD / DATA SIGNAL PROTECTION

The low-current switchboard contains very sensitive devices such as switches, Wi-Fi routers etc. It can also be a switchboard for electronic safety alarm or for fire alarms. In all cases, the input of these switchboards should be protected by a surge arrester type T3. The switchboard can be connected directly to a dedicated socket, in this case it is suitable to use a socket with integrated surge protection, or it is powered via a cable outlet directly from the terminals in the switchboard and then it is suitable to use HSAD-P M S with DIN rail mounting.

However, the overvoltage is not only a threat on the part of the power supply, but can be created by induction on the data cabling, especially if the minimum distance is not observed when this cabling coincides with the power lines. Therefore, it is necessary to protect particular data and communication lines. There is a large number of surge protection devices to choose from, varying in nominal voltage and current ratings, number of pairs, transmission speed, required discharge ability and interface type (connection method). One of the typical representatives in the category of information technology protection is HT-NET PoE + 6cat 802.3at Xseries with a high transmission speed of 500 Mbit / s and RJ connectors. It is suitable for both computer networks and power over ethernet PoE technology, which allows you to power the end devices via a data cable, which is for example used in closed CCTV camera systems.

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END LOW CURRENT EQUIPMENT / CCTV PROTECTION

The low-current end devices do not have to be connected only from the low-current switchboard, but it can also be a device of a certain technology or BMS (Building Management System). A typical end device representative for CCTV are IP cameras, which are very often located on the outer parts of the building and it is necessary to pay attention to their correct location with regard to the air termination system and its down leads. Such devices need to be protected with appropriate protection, such as HT-NET PoE + 6cat 802.3at Xseries with RJ connectors and using the PoE technology. This product is also suitable for the protection of computer networks, where it is installed as close as possible to the end device to be protected.

The HDT product range is suitable for the protection of BMS (Building Management System), which include various sensors, motor operators, PLC control units and associated digital or analog signals. This series offers voltage levels from 6 V to 48 V, 4 types of connections marked with the letters A to D or different transmission speeds. Everything according to the specific needs of the user and the system. They are designed with an exchangeable module and their great advantage is that the communication busbar is not interrupted when this module is removed. A suitable example may be the product HDT2/6B, which is used e.g. for the RS485 communication line. This variant offers 2 pairs of data lines and provides coarse protection (category D1) as well as fine protection (categories C1, C3) between the signal conductors and between the signal conductors and the reference conductor. It is a directly grounded system, where the ground is not galvanically isolated from the reference conductor.

If I need to power the end device, it is possible to use the protection for the power line containing NV in its name. Current up to 1.5 A can flow through these protections, but they are not suitable for digital data transmissions. An example of a 24 V DC voltage level is HDTNV1/24C. In addition, variant C contains a gas discharge tube between terminals PE and SH (shield), which is suitable in cases, when a galvanic connection of the conductor shield with the equipotential busbar is not desirable.

There is a huge number of options and we will be happy to offer you a solution directly for a specific application.

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COMMON TV ANTENNA / SATELLITE SWITCHBOARD

Although the switchboard of the common television antenna or satellite is powered from an already protected power switchboard, we must not forget their coaxial outputs, which lead directly from the antenna / satellite from the roof of the building, i.e. from the LPZ 0 level, where there is a risk of partial lightning strike. Therefore, we must install surge protection devices for coaxial lines with coarse protection provided by gas discharge tubes to protect sensitive devices such as hubs, decoders, etc.

In this application is important to select the right connector, protected system performance, frequency band and, of course, the value of the pass attenuation, which should be as small as possible so that the transmitted signal is not distorted. A common representative of surge protection device for antenna lines is KO-9P with F connector and frequency band up to 2 GHz. For satellite lines it would be HT-SAT with an extended frequency band up to 2.4 GHz.

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LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR LEAD

If you want to monitor the storm activity, the number of lightning strikes to the object, either for your reference or as proof for the insurance company, you can install a digital lightning pulse counter designed according to the standard ČSN EN IEC 62561-6 ed. 2. PBI-7 is the product, which provides information not only about the number of lightning strikes into the object's air termination system, but also the date and time of the event. The device is powered by a battery source with a lifetime of about 5 years, which facilitates the installation and comfortable operation of the device. The digital lightning pulse counter PBI-7 is usually installed directly on the down lead ø 8 mm. There is a possibility of installation on a 30 x 4 mm strip with the help of a reduction set.

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